Central Asia, home to the ‘stans’: rugged countries with limited arable land, is historically known for its strategic position between Europe and East Asia. It’s not just about their location though; their deep reserves of petroleum and natural gas are becoming increasingly crucial. The countries, largely populated by poor, primarily Muslim, historically nomadic, mostly Turkic-speaking peoples, have retained authoritarian, secular governments.
Central Asia is composed of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. These countries present an opportunity to travel along the Silk Road, once the vital link between Asia and Europe. This intriguing region was home to emperors, Sufi saints, and conquering armies.
Kazakhstan
The world’s largest landlocked country, Kazakhstan, offers a blend of vast open steppes, deep reserves of fossil fuels, and pockets of beautiful wilderness.
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan, a beautiful mountainous country, offers a fascinating travel experience. Despite being Central Asia’s easiest and perhaps most pleasant place to visit, the Ferghana Valley remains a challenge due to safety concerns.
Tajikistan
Tajikistan, Central Asia’s poorest region, offers a glimpse into Persian culture amidst incredible landscapes. Despite being the only post-Soviet state to suffer a civil war, it’s a rewarding travel destination for those willing to venture off the beaten path.
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan, a mix of desert moonscapes and arid mountains, was ruled by a post-Soviet leader who cultivated a bizarre cult of personality. The country offers rewarding travel experiences, albeit with challenges due to bureaucracy.
Central Asia is known for its immense collection of Islamic architecture, historic landmarks, and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. You can shop in a medieval bazaar, sip tea in a nomad’s yurt, or stargaze from a desert oasis.
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan is a treasure trove of culture and history with cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, and Tashkent. Despite the challenges posed by the government, the warm and friendly people and the beautiful natural landscape make the trip worthwhile.